If I were to define science in one phrase, it would be ‘hypothesis testing’. In the report published in 2019, the committee appointed by the Science Foundation (NSF) defined two fundamental terms connected to scientific research (and hypothesis testing): reproducibility and replicability.
Reproducibility
Reproducibility is about computation. It is about consistent calculation output from the same input data, computational steps, methods, codes, etc.
Replicability
Replicability involves new data collection using methods similar to those employed by previous studies.
References
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 2019. “Reproducibility and Replicability in Science“. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/25303.
